Pressure, being an important thermodynamic variable, could provide a powerful method to tune the atomic, electronic, and crystal structures of 2D materials without introducing damages and impurities. Many strategies including pressure, reducing dimension, intercalation, fabricating heterostructures, chemical doping, alloying, electrical gating, etc., have been used to modify the fixed properties of 2D materials and extend their applications. 2D materials are normally formed by loosen van der Waals (vdW) bonds, where the external stimuli (e.g., vdW interaction engineering) can spark many extraordinary electronic or optoelectronic properties (e.g., insulating, semiconducting, metallization, superconducting, interesting light–matter interactions, etc.). This is ascribed to their intrinsic material properties, highly tunable electronic and optoelectronic properties, as well as potential technological applications, such as field-effect transistors (FET), optoelectronic devices, photovoltaic devices, topological insulators and electrocatalysts, etc. Finally, conclusions and outlook are presented on the way forward.Īfter the successful exfoliation of graphene, the investigations into 2D materials have undergone a burgeoning growth. Further, the pressure-induced optimized properties and potential applications as well as the vision of engineering the vdW interactions in heterostructures are highlighted.
A detailed analysis of pressurized structure, phonon dynamics, superconducting, metallization, doping together with optical property is performed. Here, the recent progress of high-pressure research toward 2D materials and heterostructures, involving graphene, boron nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides, 2D perovskites, black phosphorene, MXene, and covalent–organic frameworks, using diamond anvil cell is summarized. This enables an insightful understanding of the variable vdW interaction induced structural changes, structure–property relations as well as contributes to the versatile implications of 2D materials. Pressure is an effective and clean tool that allows modifications of the electronic structure, crystal structure, morphologies, and compositions of 2D materials through van der Waals (vdW) interaction engineering. 2D materials possess wide-tuning properties ranging from semiconducting and metallization to superconducting, etc., which are determined by their structure, empowering them to be appealing in optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications.
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